The Latin alphabet is used to write most languages of modern Europe, Africa, the Americas, and Oceania. Cyrillic is used for many slavic languages.
Arabic and Hebrew are consonantal alphabets, where vowels need not be written. They are also written right to left.

Aksharas are syllable-like units. The writing systems used in India from at least the 3rd century BCE, are known as Brahmic/Indic scripts.
Today, Northern Indic scripts are majorly used by languages like Hindi, Bengali, Nepali, and Tibetan. A script, Siddham spread and were adapted in Central Asia, China, Korea, Japan by the 9th century.
Southern Indic scripts include Thai, Khmer, Lao, Balinese, Kannada, Telugu, Malayalam, Sinhalese, Tamil, etc.

Chinese characters have been in use for over 3 millennia. While 2000-3000 are commonly used, there are over 100k characters.
Originally, they were ideographic or pictographic. Two such modern characters are illustrated below.